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Previously Unknown Protein Reveals RNA Repair Mechanism in Humans

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are single-stranded molecules that are found in all living organisms’ cells. As “transcripts” of human genes, mRNAs, for instance, play a role in the translation of genetic information by bearing the instructions for the production of a protein in their own sequence.

26 Apr 2023

The Function of ANKLE1 in the Prevention of DNA Damage and Autoimmunity

The University of Hong Kong (HKU) School of Biological Sciences research team led by Dr. Gary Ying Wai Chan has uncovered the function of a unique enzyme called ANKLE1.

19 Apr 2023

New Embryonic Brain Circuit Offers New Insights on Circuit Abnormalities in Autism

Researchers have discovered an active multi-layer circuit that emerges in the cortex at an unexpectedly early stage of development using a new method for analyzing live embryonic mouse brains at single-cell resolution.

18 Apr 2023

Inhibition of p21 may be a Promising Strategy for Limiting Age-Related Inflammatory Disorders

A new research paper was published on the cover of Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 15, Issue 7, entitled, "p21 facilitates chronic lung inflammation via epithelial and endothelial cells."

18 Apr 2023

Novel Genes Could Serve as Predictive Biomarkers for PARP Inhibitor Response in Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer tumors harboring BRCA1/2 mutations are exceptionally sensitive to PARP inhibitors, while genomic alterations in other DNA damage response (DDR) genes are less responsive.

5 Apr 2023

KAI2-Ligand Signaling Pathway Responsible for Regulating Vegetative Reproduction in Liverwort Plants

Asexual, or vegetative, reproduction in plants is controlled by environmental conditions, but the molecular signaling pathways that control this process are poorly understood.

3 Apr 2023

Potential approach to improve solid tumor T cell therapy

Researchers at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have been working on a preclinical study that focuses on a new strategy that uses a “one-two punch” to assist T cells in attacking solid tumors.

17 Mar 2023

Gene that regulates cadmium distribution between leaf and grain in rice

Due to its accumulation in crops, specifically rice, cadmium (Cd), a hazardous heavy metal contaminant of cultivated land, poses a threat to human health. Thus, it is vital to develop methods to prevent Cd from accumulating in rice grains.

14 Mar 2023

Neural-network-based image recognition models for examining SCC defects

Scientists from Tokyo Metropolitan University have used machine learning to automate the identification of defects in sister chromatid cohesion. They trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) with microscopy images of individual stained chromosomes, identified by researchers as having or not having cohesion defects. After training, it was able to successfully classify 73.1% of new images. Automation promises better statistics, and more insight into the wide range of disorders which cause cohesion defects.

14 Mar 2023

Two-step screening of aroma compounds reveals a novel and effective modulator of dendritic cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) are important players of the immune system with important functions such as the identification of infectious pathogens, production of cytokines (chemical signalers of the immune system), presentation of antigens to activate T-cells, and more.

13 Feb 2023

Analysis on the factor influencing the diatom P. tricornutum

Aquaculture frequently uses the commercially significant species Phaeodactylum tricornutum. It could also be used as biofuel in the future.

16 Dec 2022

New 3D organoid model reveals a possible biological target for treating GEJ cancers

Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine say they have created a laboratory-grown three-dimensional "organoid" model that is derived from human tissue and designed to advance understanding about how early stages of cancer develop at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) — the point where the digestive system's food tube meets the stomach.

2 Dec 2022

An analysis of old genes’ influence on sea anemones

For the neuronal cell types’ categorization as more complicated creatures, the genetic fingerprint of Nematostella vectensis—the sea anemone—reveals that the members of this evolutionarily very ancient animal phylum employ identical gene cascades.

22 Sep 2022

Researchers reveal key developmental difference between the brains of modern humans and Neanderthals

AZoLifesciences speaks to Dr. Anneline Pinson and Prof. Dr. Wieland B. Huttner from The Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics about their latest research which found a greater neuron production in the frontal lobe during brain development in modern humans than Neanderthals, due to the change of a single amino acid in the protein TKTL1.

From The Max Planck Institute 20 Sep 2022

A “stress test” with a previously unknown gene to revive the exhausted T cells

The task of battling cancer cells can fatigue T cells employed in immunotherapy treatments, or they could shut down once they penetrate tumors. Researchers at the Gladstone Institutes and UC San Francisco have strengthened the therapeutic cells’ resistance via a CRISPR-based edit on their genomes.

30 Aug 2022

Novel molecule probe accomplishes live B cells distinction over T cells

The human body is regularly exposed to bacteria, parasites, viruses, and other pathogens, making the immune system vital for survival.

25 Jul 2022

Giving attention to beta cells instead of the immune system could be a chance to prevent type 1 diabetes

Research studying the autoimmune response, in which the immune system kills the insulin-producing pancreatic islet beta cells, is a common topic of type 1 diabetes research.

1 Jul 2022

Researchers discover a new interferon-gamma receptor signaling pathway

The interferon-gamma receptor (IFNgR) signaling pathway has been identified to be crucial for the vulnerability of glioblastoma tumors to death by CAR T-cell immunotherapy, according to researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH).

10 Jun 2022

New research identifies a destination for zinc chaperone protein's deliveries

Most people don't think much about zinc. But all living things need zinc for survival. This trace element helps many proteins fold into the right shapes to do their jobs.

18 May 2022

Two new genomic studies provide insight into evolutionarily unique traits of cephalopods

Squid, octopus, and cuttlefish – even to scientists who study them – are wonderfully weird creatures. Known as the soft-bodied or coleoid cephalopods, they have the largest nervous system of any invertebrate, complex behaviors such as instantaneous camouflage, arms studded with dexterous suckers, and other evolutionarily unique traits.

5 May 2022