Pharmacology is the study of how chemical substances interact with living systems. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, interactions, toxicology, therapy, and medical applications and antipathogenic capabilities.
Prostate cancer that has spread to other regions of the body is commonly treated with hormone treatment, but many individuals develop resistance to it, making their disease more aggressive and potentially fatal.
A mutated gene found in more than 20% to 30% of breast cancer recurrences may help tumors become more aggressive and promote metastasis, according to a pair of new studies that uncover mechanisms behind these processes and point to new therapy targets.
Melanoma is a somewhat unusual cancer-;one that blooms before our very eyes, often on sun-exposed skin, and can quickly become deadly as it turns our own skin against us and spreads to other organs.
In new research, UT Southwestern scientists report that imaging a key immunity protein known as STING at near-atomic resolution reveals a previously undiscovered binding location that appears to be crucial for launching immunological attacks.
Almost half of the U.S. adult population has high blood pressure - or hypertension - and about 20% of these patients have treatment-resistant hypertension.
Researchers have identified a family of proteins that is significantly elevated in the saliva of patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
A simple blood test for women of all ages and risk levels could one day be possible thanks to a new set of protein biomarkers that researchers identified using breast milk.
The Food and Drug Administration recommends healthy adults not exceed 400 milligrams (mg) of caffeine-; approximately four cups of brewed coffee-; a day.
Researchers combined advanced computational methods with experimental studies to gain new insight, at the cell level, into how the plant compound formononetin might be used to treat food allergies.
A study team developed an early-stage therapy that sabotages the pump and restores antibiotic efficiency by disclosing the structure of a protein needed by bacteria to pump out antibiotics.
Two recent research have shown a completely new perspective of how bacterial cells repair broken parts of their DNA (lesions).
While cancer therapies that target specific genes or disease pathways might prolong life span, they can also result in highly resistant tumors when tiny reservoirs of cancer cells survive therapy, develop, and spread.
High blood glucose is responsible for several complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden have identified a new antidiabetic substance that preserves the activity of insulin-producing beta cells and prevents high blood glucose in mice.
Hormones or chemical messengers link to cell membrane receptors to tweak how the cell responds, creating a metaphorical interaction and traffic network on the surface of cell membranes inside human body.
Bile acids made by the liver have long been known for their critical role in helping to absorb the food we ingest.
New research may help scientists locate immature cells in the central nervous system that could shed light on the causes of neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis-;and autoimmune disease that affects the brain and nervous system-;and allow for the development of better therapeutic treatments.
Astrocytes form large networks of interconnected cells in the central nervous system. When these cell-to-cell couplings are disrupted in the brain of adult mice, the animals are no longer able to store spatial information.
One epigenetic factor as well as one organic anion transporter (OAT1), whose function in the nervous system was hitherto unknown, contribute to the development of chronic pain.
When the immune system fails and assaults the body’s own components, autoimmune disorders develop.
Preclinical models that recapitulate aspects of human airway disease are essential for the advancement of novel therapeutics and vaccines.