Chromosome News and Research

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In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.

Chromosomes are not visible in the cell’s nucleus—not even under a microscope—when the cell is not dividing. However, the DNA that makes up chromosomes becomes more tightly packed during cell division and is then visible under a microscope. Most of what researchers know about chromosomes was learned by observing chromosomes during cell division.

Each chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections, or “arms.” The short arm of the chromosome is labeled the “p arm.” The long arm of the chromosome is labeled the “q arm.” The location of the centromere on each chromosome gives the chromosome its characteristic shape, and can be used to help describe the location of specific genes.
Unraveling the Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Fruit Size and Sugar Content in Wax Apple

Unraveling the Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Fruit Size and Sugar Content in Wax Apple

Genetic Blueprint Reveals Germination Barriers in the Endangered Jacktree

Genetic Blueprint Reveals Germination Barriers in the Endangered Jacktree

ERGA Pilot Project Unites Scientists to Deliver High-Quality Genomes

ERGA Pilot Project Unites Scientists to Deliver High-Quality Genomes

Genetic Blueprint of Atractylodes Lancea Reveals Key Insights for Medicinal Use

Genetic Blueprint of Atractylodes Lancea Reveals Key Insights for Medicinal Use

Fruit Fly Research Sheds Light on Stem Cell Depletion and Aging Process

Fruit Fly Research Sheds Light on Stem Cell Depletion and Aging Process

New Insights into Python Cardiac Biology Could Inform Human Heart Disease Research

New Insights into Python Cardiac Biology Could Inform Human Heart Disease Research

Study Reveals Unique DNA Replication Dynamics in Early Embryogenesis

Study Reveals Unique DNA Replication Dynamics in Early Embryogenesis

CDCA7's Role in DNA Methylation Maintenance Revealed in Recent Study

CDCA7's Role in DNA Methylation Maintenance Revealed in Recent Study

Computational Modeling and Experimental Findings on Nucleosome Constraining in Mitosis

Computational Modeling and Experimental Findings on Nucleosome Constraining in Mitosis

Discovery of Free-Floating Genes in Bacteria Challenges Genetic Code Assumptions

Discovery of Free-Floating Genes in Bacteria Challenges Genetic Code Assumptions

Gene Editing Creates Prickle-Free Eggplants for Easier Farming

Gene Editing Creates Prickle-Free Eggplants for Easier Farming

Researchers Uncover Method to Boost Stem Cell Production Using Interferon Gamma

Researchers Uncover Method to Boost Stem Cell Production Using Interferon Gamma

Detailed Analysis of Cucumber Centromeres Uncovers Key DNA Sequences and Retrotransposons

Detailed Analysis of Cucumber Centromeres Uncovers Key DNA Sequences and Retrotransposons

Study Explores the Role of Sex-Biased Gene Expression in Autism Risk During Prenatal Development

Study Explores the Role of Sex-Biased Gene Expression in Autism Risk During Prenatal Development

Genetic Analysis of Potato and Phytophthora infestans During and After the Irish Potato Famine

Genetic Analysis of Potato and Phytophthora infestans During and After the Irish Potato Famine

Unraveling the Complexities of X Chromosome Inheritance

Unraveling the Complexities of X Chromosome Inheritance

Scientists Discover Fossils of Ancient Chromosomes in the Remains of Woolly Mammoth

Scientists Discover Fossils of Ancient Chromosomes in the Remains of Woolly Mammoth

Understanding How Motorized Processes Shape Chromosome Structures and Influence Cellular Functions

Understanding How Motorized Processes Shape Chromosome Structures and Influence Cellular Functions

One Size Doesn't Fit All: Study Reveals Stark Sex Differences in Mitochondrial Activity

One Size Doesn't Fit All: Study Reveals Stark Sex Differences in Mitochondrial Activity

Genomic Insights into Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Broccoli

Genomic Insights into Glucosinolate Biosynthesis in Broccoli

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