Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. Two copies of chromosome 12, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs. Chromosome 12 spans about 132 million DNA building blocks (base pairs) and represents between 4 percent and 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells.
Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 12 likely contains between 1,200 and 1,400 genes.
Genes on chromosome 12 are among the estimated 20,000 to 25,000 total genes in the human genome.
Recent research reveals how genetic variations associated with severe cases of COVID-19 impact the immune cells.
In 2020, a research team demonstrated that a significant genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection was inherited from Neanderthals.
Scientists at the Sloan Kettering Institute have found that increased activity of a normal metabolic enzyme can lead to cancer.
Knowing what cancer will do next could lessen the likelihood of it becoming resistant to treatment. A new Canadian study investigates how cancer adapts its metabolism to potentially overcome therapies still in development.
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