The human brain is the center of the human nervous system and is a highly complex organ. Enclosed in the cranium, it has the same general structure as the brains of other mammals, but is over three times as large as the brain of a typical mammal with an equivalent body size.
The breakthrough study from the University of Sheffield’s Neuroscience Institute and Healthy Lifespan Institute offers critical new insights into the so-called junk DNA, or DNA that was previously believed to be unimportant to the coding of the genome, and how it affects neurological disorders like Motor Neuron Disease (MND) and Alzheimer’s.
Special blood vessels in whale brains may protect them from pulses, caused by swimming, in their blood that would damage the brain, new UBC research has suggested.
The first large-scale genomic study of musicality revealed 69 genetic variations linked with beat synchronization, which denotes the ability to move in time with the beat of the music.
Because flaws in the cilia transport system can result in, for example, blindness or cystic kidneys, findings reported in Science offer new understandings of the molecular basis for different diseases.
AZoLifesciences speaks to Dr. Anneline Pinson and Prof. Dr. Wieland B. Huttner from The Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics about their latest research which found a greater neuron production in the frontal lobe during brain development in modern humans than Neandertals, due to the change of a single amino acid in the protein TKTL1.
According to professor James Elder, co-author of a York University paper, Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) could not view objects in the same way that humans do (through configural shape perception), which could be harmful in real-world AI applications.
Scientists headed by Associate Director Wonshik Choi of the Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics in the Institute for Basic Science, Professor Kim Moonseok of The Catholic University of Korea, and Professor Myunghwan Choi of Seoul National University designed a new kind of holographic microscope.
Principal researchers at the Brain Science Institute (BSI) of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology were said to have discovered substantially decreased activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) proteins that play a significant role in neurite motility and proper synapse formation in HD patients’ brain tissues.
Scientists at the National Institutes of Health have identified a particular protein network required for cell regeneration to restore hearing in zebrafish.
A developing area studies how clusters of molecules gather inside of cells, similar to how oil droplets form and separate from the water in a vinaigrette.
Great ape animal experiments have long been prohibited in Europe due to ethical concerns. An alternative to using animals in investigations is the use of organoids, which are three-dimensional cell structures that can be generated in the lab and are only a few millimeters in size.
Researchers from Tohoku University have now shown that the consolidation and extinction of contextual fear conditioning alter the microglial genes connected to the synapse—structures that permit neurons to communicate with one another.
The Tob gene is well known for its connection to cancer. Scientists have discovered that this gene also has a significant role in lowering depression, fear, and anxiety in a multidisciplinary study that blends molecular biology with neuroscience.
According to a recent viewpoint piece in Science by a UT Southwestern researcher, there is growing evidence that the microbes found in the human stomach might also affect a person’s neurological and emotional health.
The first spatiotemporal cellular atlas of axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) brain growth and regeneration, created by a multi-institute research team under the direction of BGI-Research, reveals how brain damage may recover itself.
Biomedical engineers at Duke University have revealed a microbial community phenomenon that is analogous to teaching neighbors how to perform critical jobs by ripping out and sharing parts of the brain.
The treatment of various tumors has been transformed by cell-based immunotherapy, often known as CAR-T cell therapy. To target and combat specific forms of leukemia and lymphoma, the treatment employs genetically engineered T cells.
According to a recent study, brain cells with the same “birthdate” are more likely to connect into cooperative signaling circuits that perform a variety of tasks, including memory storage.
Scientists at the Francis Crick Institute have identified a group of latent stem cells that respond to injury in the central nervous system of mice. If a similar type of cell exists in humans, they could offer a new therapeutic approach to treat brain and spinal cord injuries.
Years of work by Trinity College Dublin developmental biologists in collaboration with colleagues at the University of Edinburgh’s MRC Human Genetics Unit has resulted in an unparalleled resource that will help researchers assess how key genes control the differentiation of tissues and organs in developing embryos.