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Personal genome sequencing and personalized medicine

Genetic mutations have given life on Earth a stunning variety of various sizes, colors, and shapes. Some changes are beneficial, while others are dangerous or ineffective. There are about 4.5 million genetic variants per individual.

31 Mar 2023

Gene variants that improve nitrogen utilization identified

Nitrogen as a fertilizer can boost yields. Too much nitrogen, on the other hand, can have negative consequences such as high energy consumption in fertilizer manufacturing.

31 Mar 2023

New nanoparticles can deliver mRNA encoding CRISPR/Cas9 components to the lungs

Engineers at MIT and the University of Massachusetts Medical School have designed a new type of nanoparticle that can be administered to the lungs, where it can deliver messenger RNA encoding useful proteins.

31 Mar 2023

Previously unknown telomere and cancer connection to the immune system revealed

Johns Hopkins Medicine scientists say their 20-year study of more than 200 people with premature aging syndromes caused by abnormally short telomeres, or shortened repetitive DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes, may upend long-held scientific dogma and settle conflicting studies about how and whether short telomeres contribute to cancer risk.

31 Mar 2023

Study helps understand at the cellular level how physical activity contributes to fitness during aging

Regular exercise can guarantee quality of life and longevity, specialists agree. However, exactly how exercise influences the functioning of muscle cells is poorly understood.

30 Mar 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection hijacks and damages parts of infected cells' vital RNA machinery

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) hijacks parts of infected cells' vital RNA machinery, thereby blocking important functions in the cells. These damaging changes in the RNA can likely be reversed, potentially leading to new drugs against COVID-19, University of Gothenburg researchers show.

30 Mar 2023

Epigenetic fingerprinting helps trace the origin of animal products

Food analysis laboratories can provide an answer to questions like “Was the salmon for dinner really caught wild or did it come from aquaculture? What to make of the alleged ‘biolabel quality’ of the shrimp for the seafood salad? And was the chicken for the Sunday roast really allowed to spend its life in the open air?” to a limited extent.

30 Mar 2023

New DNA editing tool could rapidly accelerate the design of custom microbes

A DNA editing tool adapted by Oak Ridge National Laboratory scientists makes engineering microbes for everything from bioenergy production to plastics recycling easier and faster.

29 Mar 2023

Resistance genes in human gut influenced by national trends in antibiotic consumption

According to a new study performed at the Earlham Institute and Quadram Institute in Norwich, the community of microbes living in and on human bodies might be serving as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance.

28 Mar 2023

Investigating methanogens to unravel the genetics of temperature adaptation

The history of the Earth has been one of physical extremes-;extreme atmospheric conditions, extreme chemical environments, and extreme temperatures.

28 Mar 2023

Machine learning reveals the complexities of difficulties in designer chromosome synthesis

Artificially synthesizing genomes has several applications, including medical research and industrial strains.

28 Mar 2023

High-quality genome of a deep-sea eel illuminates the molecular mechanisms of deep-sea adaptation

Recently, the research team led by Dr. Shunping He from the Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, published their research findings in the online version of SCIENCE CHINA Life Sciences.

28 Mar 2023

Monocytes harbor stable HIV DNA capable of infecting neighboring cells

To develop treatments that may one day entirely rid the body of HIV infection, scientists have long sought to identify all of the places that the virus can hide its genetic code.

28 Mar 2023

Meta-scale approach to quantifying the protein variants in the human body

A key conundrum in biology is why many very simple creatures, such as the widely studied worm C. elegans, have almost as many genes as the human genome, which has about 20,000 genes.

27 Mar 2023

Immune system’s aptitude in reducing reliance on antibiotics for treating infections

The removal of obsolete and damaged cell components by the body is crucial for fighting diseases like tuberculosis (TB), which establish themselves inside human cells, according to researchers from the Francis Crick Institute.

27 Mar 2023

Key gene involved in crop alkaline tolerance discovered

Chinese scientists have identified a key gene involved in crop alkaline tolerance that may greatly improve crop yield in sodic environments through the use of genetic engineering.

24 Mar 2023

New findings could help target the causes of aging and cancer development

A protein complex prevents the repair of genome damage in human cells, in mice and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a team of researchers at the University of Cologne has discovered.

24 Mar 2023

Immunity adaptation found in genomes of Stone Age farmers

New research suggests that diversity in genes implicated in immunity might have facilitated the shift from hunter-gatherer lifestyles to agriculture that occurred in prehistoric Europe over the course of around 1,500 years.

23 Mar 2023

Variations in methylation linked to age in the human sperm epigenome

A higher risk of reproductive and child health issues is linked to advanced paternal age. Increasing evidence points to age-related alterations in the sperm epigenome as one underlying cause.

23 Mar 2023

Revealing how hematopoietic stem cells acquire malignant traits in cancer

Scientists from Lund University’s Faculty of Medicine have discovered a novel mechanism connecting ribonucleic acid (RNA) metabolism to the development of leukemia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

23 Mar 2023